{"id":224878,"date":"2026-03-10T11:20:31","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T09:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/?p=224878"},"modified":"2026-03-12T17:10:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T15:10:57","slug":"modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/","title":{"rendered":"The Modern Commercial Culture of the Bulgarians in the 18th \u2013 19th Centuries"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ivan Roussev<\/strong><\/a>,
\nProfessor, DSc.
\nCorresponding Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
\nDepartment of Management
\nUniversity of Economics \u2013 Varna
\n77, Knyaz Boris I Blvd.
\n9002 Varna BULGARIA
\nE-mail: ivroussev@ue-varna.bg<\/a>
\nSCOPUS Researcher ID: 57290233200
\nWeb of Science Researcher IDAAN-4300-2020
\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-7651<\/p>\n

Svetla Atanasova<\/strong><\/a>,
\nProfessor, PhD
\nRegional Museum of History \u2013 Veliko Tarnovo
\n38, Ivan Vazov St.
\n5000, Veliko Tarnovo BULGARIA
\nE-mail: svetla_atanasova1969@abv.bg<\/a>; satanasova069@gmail.com<\/a>
\nSCOPUS Researcher ID: 57415720400
\nWeb of Science Researcher ID AAT-3480-2021
\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8890-2516<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pages: 371 \u2013 432\u00a0 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-81-3-v2.09<\/a><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> The Trade was a strong, modernizing factor in Bulgarian society during the epoch which we conventionally call the Renaissance (National Revival period) and which covered the 18th century and the first three quarters of the 19th century \u2013 the time when the Bulgarians were one of the peoples of the Ottoman Empire. Trade was the economic sphere in which the new structures entered earliest and most powerfully, and in and through which the Bulgarians stood closest to Europe. Renaissance commerce quickly mastered and applied the institutes of modern commercial law. Bulgarians established their own commercial companies in the varieties known by the mid-nineteenth century and used all the innovations associated with the organisation of the commercial office, accounting records, transport and advertising. This chapter presents some of essential aspects of the modern commercial culture: a spread of modern commercial knowledge and culture in Bulgarian society in the 18th \u2013 19th centuries; \u0442he educational model adopted by the Bulgarians by the European and Balkan influences; the achievements of the Bulgarians during the epoch; the legal basis and legal regulations of commercial companies; the Ottoman commercial law and its application in the Bulgarian lands; the weights and measures act in the Ottoman Empire and the legal regulations and administrative control; the modern capitalist trade practices in the Bulgarian lands; is made here an attempt at quantitative and regional analysis for the diffusion of the Bulgarian commercial companies during the 18th \u2013 19th centuries with accent for the cities and regions where this structures were more well-known and diffused: Sliven and Kotel, Tarnovo, Plovdiv, Koprivshtitsa, Karlovo, Varna, Gabrovo, Vratsa, Pleven, Tsarigrad (Istanbul) etc.<\/p>\n

The chapter presents the results of the research of two authors and the contributions of Bulgarian and regional historical scholarship from the late 19th century to today about the topic of the history of the modern commercial culture of the Bulgarians in the 18th \u2013 19th centuries. The enclosed large bibliography (references) at the end of the chapter may serve for future research on the topic.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/em> Ottoman Empire; modern commercial culture; Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire; commercial companies; Bulgarian National Revival period<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ivan Roussev, Professor, DSc. Corresponding Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Department of Management University of Economics \u2013 Varna 77, Knyaz Boris I Blvd. 9002 Varna BULGARIA E-mail: ivroussev@ue-varna.bg SCOPUS Researcher ID: 57290233200 Web of Science Researcher IDAAN-4300-2020 https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-7651 Svetla Atanasova, Professor, PhD Regional Museum of History \u2013 Veliko Tarnovo 38, Ivan Vazov St. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":124332423427287,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[]},"categories":[16904],"tags":[6497,17005,17006,17004,6490],"yoast_head":"\n\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ivan Roussev, Professor, DSc. Corresponding Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Department of Management University of Economics \u2013 Varna 77, Knyaz Boris I Blvd. 9002 Varna BULGARIA E-mail: ivroussev@ue-varna.bg SCOPUS Researcher ID: 57290233200 Web of Science Researcher IDAAN-4300-2020 https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-7651 Svetla Atanasova, Professor, PhD Regional Museum of History \u2013 Veliko Tarnovo 38, Ivan Vazov St. […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-10T09:20:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-12T15:10:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/de220d282eaa494f914ce0fd838645dd\"},\"headline\":\"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-10T09:20:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-12T15:10:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/\"},\"wordCount\":495,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Bulgarian National Revival period\",\"Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire\",\"commercial companies\",\"modern commercial culture\",\"Ottoman empire\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0442. 2\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/modernata-targovska-kultura-na-balgarite-prez-xviii-xix-vek\/\",\"name\":\"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a - 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