{"id":42770,"date":"2018-06-22T10:38:31","date_gmt":"2018-06-22T07:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/"},"modified":"2022-07-25T11:51:12","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T08:51:12","slug":"3-xxvi-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 3\/2018, Volume 26"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"Pa14\"><strong><a name=\"top\"><\/a>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\"><strong>CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418<br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"#art01\">Social History as Revealed by Gesture: Changing Eighteenth-Century Styles of Meeting and Greeting <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\/ Penelope J. Corfield &#8211; <\/em>231<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\"><a href=\"#art02\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435? \u0417\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0437 \u0414\u044c\u043e \u0421\u0430\u0434 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">[Delinquency or Enlightenment? The Works of Marquis De Sade] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432 \/ Lubomir Krastev &#8211;\u00a0 <\/em>239<em>\u00a0p.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\"><a href=\"#art03\">\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u0413\u0423\u041b\u0410\u0413 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art03\">[The German Prisoners of War in GULAG and Their Importance for the USSR]<\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Hristina Pavlova \u2013 <\/em>247 p.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\"><a href=\"#art04\">\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u00ad\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 1941 \u0433. \u2013 \u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 1943 \u0433.) <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art04\">[Wartime Sofia and the Preparation for Air Defence (Spring 1941 \u2013 Summer 1943)] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>\u0420\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \/ Radoslava Maslarska \u2013 <\/em>261 p.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\"><strong>DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE \/ \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0410\u041b\u041d\u041e \u0411\u041e\u0413\u0410\u0422\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\"><a href=\"#art05\">\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0425V \u2013 \u0425V\u0406\u0406 \u0432. \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art05\">[Northern Thrace \u2013 Cases of Migration and Deportation during XV \u2013 XVII Century and Their Historical Context] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>\u0414\u0430\u043c\u044f\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \/ Damian Borisov\u00a0 &#8211; <\/em>278 p.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\"><strong>GUARDIANS OF THE MEMORY \/ \u041f\u0410\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u0422\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art06\">\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0438 in situ \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u00ad\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art06\">[Archaeological Reserves and Archaeological Museums in situ in Bulgaria. Appearance and Historical Development] <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\/ \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Daniel Ivanov \u2013 <\/em>292 p.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\"><strong>APPROACHES IN TEACHING \/ \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0412 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\"><a href=\"#art07\">\u041e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art07\">[History Education in Bulgarian Sunday Schools Abroad \u2013 Problems and Prospects] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 <\/em>\/ <em>Valentina Alexandrova-Kirova \u2013 <\/em>318<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\"><strong>\u0415VENTS \/ \u0425\u0420\u041e\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u00ad\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<br \/>\n[Permanent International Research Seminar of Intellectual History]<br \/>\n\/ <em>\u041d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 <\/em>\/ <em>Nina Hristova \u2013 <\/em>323 p.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\"><strong>REVIEWS AND ANOTATIONS \/ \u0420\u0415\u0426\u0415\u041d\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u0410\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\">\u0415\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u00ad\u0442\u0440\u043e-\u0423\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435<br \/>\n[A New Research of the Multi-Faceted Interactions between Austro-Hungary and the Balkans]<br \/>\n\/ <em>\u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 <\/em>\/ <em>Ludmil Spasov<\/em><em> \u2013 <\/em>326 p.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\"><strong>\u00a0READ IN THE LATEST ISSUES OF \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\/ \u0412 \u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u0420\u041e\u0415\u0412\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0418\u0421\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0418\u0417\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e ,,\u0410\u0417 \u0411\u0423\u041a\u0418\u201c \u0427\u0415\u0422\u0415\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"Pa17\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><br \/>\n<a name=\"art01\"><\/a>SOCIAL HISTORY AS REVEALED BY GESTURE:\u00a0<\/strong><strong>CHANGING EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STYLES OF MEETING AND GREETING<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Penelope J. Corfield<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Professor Emeritus \u2013 Royal Holloway, University of London\u00a0<\/em><em>and Visiting Professor \u2013 University of Newcastle (UK)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. This essay explores the significance of changing styles of interpersonal greetings in Britain in the long eighteenth century (from 1700 to the 1850s). Everyday rituals of hat honour, when men removed their hats and women curtseyed, were increasingly undertaken in a brisker and much less elaborate manner. Yet there was also change within change. A new alternative style of greeting was emerging in the form of the handshake. The urban, social, cultural, and class contexts of such changes are analyzed, pointing to multi-directional historical trends in the intimate rituals of everyday life.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> greetings; everyday life; hat honour; curtsey; handshake; urbanisation; commercialisation; social trends<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Prof. Penelope J. Corfield<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>London, UK<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa17\" style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"center\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"Pa17\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u041f\u0420\u0415\u0421\u0422\u042a\u041f\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0418\u041b\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0412\u0415\u0429\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415? \u0417\u0410 \u0422\u0412\u041e\u0420\u0427\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u0410\u0420\u041a\u0418\u0417 \u0414\u042c\u041e \u0421\u0410\u0414<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Lubomir Krastev<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0448\u00ad\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u044a\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0437 \u0414\u044c\u043e \u0421\u0430\u0434. \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u044c\u043e \u0421\u0430\u0434 \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0438. \u0422\u0443\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044a\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords<\/em>: Marquis de Sade; French Revolution; Napoleon; Simone de Beauvoir; sadism; feminism<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>DELINQUENCY OR ENLIGHTENMENT? THE WORKS OF MARQUIS DE SADE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>This article is an attempt to explore and offer new interpretations of the personality and works of the notorious Marquis de Sade. A topical matter, de Sade\u2019s literature is important today, as it was back in the past. His impact has shaped the ideas of several famous philosophers, writers, and public figures. The question on debate here is to what extent this impact has been analyzed correctly from the historical perspective.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Dr. Lubomir Krastev, Assist. Prof.<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Department of Modern and Contemporary History<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Faculty of History<\/em><br \/>\n<em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"Pa17\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a>\u041d\u0415\u041c\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0412\u041e\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u041f\u041b\u0415\u041d\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 \u0412 \u0413\u0423\u041b\u0410\u0413 \u0418 \u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \u0418\u041c \u0417\u0410 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0425\u0443\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 1941 \u2013 1945 \u0433. \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e 3,2 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u00ad\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0423\u041b\u0410\u0413. \u041e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0445 1,1 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0435\u00ad\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0415\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e 1956 \u0433. \u0422\u0443\u043a \u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u044e\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044a\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0432 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u044e\u0437 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u00ad\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0424\u0420\u0413?<br \/>\n<em>Keywords: <\/em>GULAG; Second World War; POWs; Soviet Union; Nazi Germany; survival; repatriation; forced labor; Cold War; Stalin; Khrushchev; Adenauer; FRG<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>THE GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN GULAG AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE USSR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>Between 1941 \u2013 1945 around 3,2 million German POWs are confronted with the harsh realities of the Soviet GULAG. From them 1,1 million die of exhaustion, illnesses and hunger. This article will try to follow the journey of the German POWs from the battle field to the labor camps, their way of life during captivity and the challenges surrounding their repatriation. A considerable part of the POWs stay in the Soviet camps up until 1956. Here we will try to answer the question whether their long captivity lies in the Soviet\u2019s demand for cheap labor or in the Soviet\u2019s willingness to use the German POWs as an instrument for applying pressure on the Western powers and the FRG.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Ms. Hristina Pavlova<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Department of History<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Humboldt University of Berlin<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong><a name=\"art04\"><\/a>\u0412\u041e\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0420\u0415\u041c\u0415\u041d\u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041e\u0424\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0413\u041e\u0422\u041e\u0412\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0417\u0410 \u0412\u042a\u0417\u0414\u0423\u0428\u041d\u0410 \u041e\u0422\u0411\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0410 (\u041f\u0420\u041e\u041b\u0415\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 1941 \u0433. \u2013 \u041b\u042f\u0422\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 1943 \u0433.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u041e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 1 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 1941 \u0433. \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 1943 \u0433. \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u044f\u00ad\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u201e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u201c. \u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u00ad\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0443 \u0432\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0449\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0445\u0430\u043e\u0441, \u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u00ad\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords: <\/em>air defence; Second World War; wartime Sofia; airstrike<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>WARTIME SOFIA AND THE PREPARATION FOR AIR DEFENCE (SPRING 1941 \u2013 SUMMER 1943)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>Since the Kingdom of Bulgaria had joined the Tripartite Pact on 1 March 1941, until the middle of 1943, ordinary Bulgarians lived with an illusion of a \u201csymbolic war\u201d. Life was much more difficult than the pre-war years, traditional Bulgarian goods gradually disappeared from the market, and measures were taken to defend against an external attack, especially an airstrike. The real war that would demolish the capital and throw the country into chaos was drawing close, despite the fact that few people were aware of that until that moment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Ms. Radoslava Maslarska<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Department of Modern and Contemporary History<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Faculty of History<\/em><br \/>\n<em>University of Sofia<\/em><br \/>\nSofia, Bulgaria<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a name=\"art05\"><\/a>\u0421\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u0410 \u0422\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0418\u042f \u2013 \u0421\u041b\u0423\u0427\u0410\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0418 \u0414\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0420\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 XV \u2013 XVII \u0412.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0418 \u0422\u0415\u0425\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422 \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0421\u0422<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Damian Borisov<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>University of Plovdiv \u201cPaisii Hilendarski\u201d<br \/>\n<\/em><em>\u201cLyuben Karavelov\u201d Branch \u2013 Kardzhali<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043b\u044a\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u00a0\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u00a0\u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0440\u044a\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0443\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440) \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 XV \u2013 XVII \u0432., \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00a0\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0440.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords: <\/em>ethnocultural communities; Northern Thrace; ethnodemographic\u00a0and settlement dynamics<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>NORTHERN TRAKIA \u2013 CASES OF MIGRATION\u00a0<\/strong><strong>AND DEPORTATION DURING XV \u2013 XVII CENTURY\u00a0<\/strong><strong>AND THEIR HISTORICAL CONTEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>The aim of the discourse is to add informatively, so far as it is possible,\u00a0and contextualize direct and indirect records from initial document sources for the\u00a0status and the settlement of ethnocultural communities, different from the Bulgarian\u00a0(Tartarian, Serbian, Hungarian \u2013 for instance), in Northern Thrace in the period\u00a0XV \u2013 XVII century. In this way a segment of the common reconstruction of the\u00a0processes of ethnodemographic and settlement dynamics in the defined geographic\u00a0perimeter will be build.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Dr. Damian Borisov, Assist. Prof.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u201cLyuben Karavelov\u201d Branch \u2013 Kardzhali<\/em><br \/>\n<em>University of Plovdiv<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a name=\"art06\"><\/a>\u0410\u0420\u0425\u0415\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418 \u0420\u0415\u0417\u0415\u0420\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0418\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0418 \u0410\u0420\u0425\u0415\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418 \u041c\u0423\u0417\u0415\u0418 IN SITU\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0412 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f. \u041f\u041e\u042f\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u0430 \u0432 \u0428\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1857 \u0433. \u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u041f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u00a0\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f.\u00a0\u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1879 \u0433. \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0422\u044a\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u00a0\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0443\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0438.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords<\/em>: archaeological reserves; \u043en-site museums; appearance<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESERVES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS IN SITU IN BULGARIA. APPEARANCE AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>The interest in preserving the immovable heritage in Bulgaria emerges during the Revival period after starting searching and describing archaeological monuments. Moreover, in 1857 a collection of archaeological finds from Pliska and Preslav is established in city of Shoumen. During the next years, various archaeological collections are established. This stays as a prerequisite for creation of archaeological societies in Bulgaria. The first one appears in 1879 in city of Veliko Tarnovo, and during the following years such occure in some other cities in Bulgaria. These societies stay as the basis of preserving the archaeological remains and hence of creating archaeological reserves and museums.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Mr. Daniel Ivanov, PhD student<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Department of Archaeology<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"Pa17\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art07\"><\/a>\u041e\u0411\u0423\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041f\u041e \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041d\u0415\u0414\u0415\u041b\u041d\u0418 \u0423\u0427\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0429\u0410 \u0412 \u0427\u0423\u0416\u0411\u0418\u041d\u0410 \u2013 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u0418 \u0418 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u0418<\/strong><strong><sup><br \/>\n<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d (\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00ad\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords<\/em>: history education; Bulgarian schools abroad<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>HISTORY EDUCATION IN BULGARIAN SUNDAY SCHOOLS ABROAD \u2013 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. The article examines the problems and challenges of history education in Bulgarian Sunday schools abroad.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Dr. Valentina Alexandrova-Kirova<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian School at the Bulgarian Embassy in London<\/em><br \/>\n<em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 Social History as Revealed by Gesture: Changing Eighteenth-Century Styles of Meeting and Greeting \/ Penelope J. Corfield &#8211; 231 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435? \u0417\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0437 \u0414\u044c\u043e \u0421\u0430\u0434 [Delinquency or Enlightenment? The Works of Marquis De Sade] \/ \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432 \/ Lubomir Krastev &#8211;\u00a0 239\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440. \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[3610],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVI, 2018 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVI, 2018 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 Social History as Revealed by Gesture: Changing Eighteenth-Century Styles of Meeting and Greeting \/ Penelope J. Corfield &#8211; 231 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435? \u0417\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0437 \u0414\u044c\u043e \u0421\u0430\u0434 [Delinquency or Enlightenment? The Works of Marquis De Sade] \/ \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432 \/ Lubomir Krastev &#8211;\u00a0 239\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440. \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-06-22T07:38:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-25T08:51:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/9541b190d939a7f23aaac7643f2815c8\"},\"headline\":\"\u0441\u043f. &#8222;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#8220;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVI, 2018\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-22T07:38:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-25T08:51:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/\"},\"wordCount\":1940,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\", 2018 \u0433.\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/3-xxvi-2018\/\",\"name\":\"\u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVI, 2018 - 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